The materials of the all-Russian agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2016 show the increasing role of small enterprises and small forms of economic activity in agricultural production. Comparison of the indicators of acreage and livestock of animals and poultry in groups of farms belonging to large and medium-sized ones on the one hand and to small business entities and small forms of management on the other shows how the ratio of the basic indicators over the ten-year period between the censuses has changed.