The article discusses the Russian land as the main asset of our people and the unity of its basic properties (as irreplaceable natural resource; as an essential geopolitical bridgehead; as the main means of production; as the main storehouse of mineral resources and spatial and operational basis; as the immovable property and as an economic factor in the development of social production). Analyses of a combination of state and market mechanisms of regulation of land relations, the formation and implementation of the model for long-term development of the economy based on improved utilization of land resources.