The article analyzes the state of production and processing of oilseeds in the Penza region. The analysis of the current state of the structure of the sown areas of oil crops is given; the sunflower fields under crops in farms of all categories are examined. The indicators of yield, gross harvest, and the rate of mineral fertilizer application, which directly influence the volume of production of oil seeds, were studied. The production of vegetable oil in the region is compared with the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. A comparison is also made in the production and consumption of vegetable oil per capita. The provision of vegetable oil of own production from the recommended consumption rate has been analyzed.