Russian Federation
504.3
338.22
In the context of global climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy, the study of the carbon footprint and its impact on sustainable development is becoming particularly relevant. In this work, the three components of the Happy Planet Index - HPI (carbon footprint, life expectancy, well-being) show their relationship with sustainable development, determine the dependence of HPI on the carbon footprint, group the countries of the world by the size of the carbon footprint, calculate the indicators of countries with the smallest and largest carbon footprint. A comparative analysis of the carbon footprint of China and Russia, the two largest emitters of greenhouse gases with different economic structures, energy balances and decarbonization strategies, is carried out. The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of CO₂ emissions, identify key sources of emissions in both countries and analyze their policies in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results of the study show that China, remaining the world leader in terms of emissions, is actively investing in renewable energy, but remains dependent on coal, while Russia, with lower absolute emissions, demonstrates a high carbon intensity of GDP due to the dominance of fossil fuels and weak economic diversification. The findings highlight the need to adapt climate strategies to national specificities, as well as the importance of international cooperation to achieve the global goals of the Paris Agreement. The article may be of interest to researchers and specialists involved in the development of future strategies aimed at reducing the ecological footprint while maintaining the quality of life, combating inequality and increasing social justice, the transition to a green economy and circular production models. Individual research results can be used to justify government reforms in the field of ecology, health, education and social policy, corporate sustainability assessment (ESG principles), development of new indicators of socio-economic growth, etc.
carbon footprint, carbon factor, sustainable development, economic growth, environmental sustainability, decarbonization, China, Russia, CIS, energy market
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