338.43
332.14
The purpose of the presented work is to achieve full self-sufficiency of the population of our state with milk and dairy products, as well as to significantly strengthen Russia's presence in world exports in this area. The implementation of the prestigious goal was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of cows of rating breeds, according to the characteristics of which the desired composition of the Russian dairy herd for 2030 was selected. The scientific and practical meaning of such an optimization solution is to create an SGP-a herd of increased genetic potential that can increase the dairy productivity of cows and gross milk production without additional effort. In the course of the work, the economic and useful data of cows from more than 30 dairy farms were studied, including 9 breeds selected by the author to determine the number and breed affiliation of cows in the future herd. Expectations promise that with an intensive method of constant number of cows (7 million heads and increasing productivity to 6 tons) in 2030, the volume of dairy products will reach 42 million tons. If the breed composition is optimized, for example, 1 million cows, the gross volume will reach 6.4 million tons of milk in addition to 42 million tons or 48.4 million tons of milk. But if the desired composition of 8 million cows is achieved, the country's dairy cattle breeding could produce 55,886 thousand tons (6985x8000000 cows) in 2030 cow's milk-8,436 thousand tons more than Russia needs. This means that if so far it has imported more than 5 million tons of dairy products, then by the end of the first Russian five-year plan (2030) we will be able to export more than 8 million tons and take a bronze position in the world ranking of product suppliers.
Russia, growth in the number of dairy cows, selection of the desired breed composition of the dairy herd, promotion of growing heifers of domestic breeds at the expense of the federal subsidy fund, milk production of 55.9 million tons, bronze position in the world ranking of exporters of dairy products
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