Интеграл 1/2023

ИСТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ НЕФТЕГАЗОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В НИГЕРИИ

HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND GAS TECHNOLOGIES IN NIGERIA

 

Нанке Нпапа Фернанду, магистр 2-ого курса направления геология, Инженерной академии Российского университета дружбы народов, Россия, Москва, nansanansa503gmail

Махмуд Хамза Адель, магистр 2-ого курса направления геология, Инженерной академии Российского университета дружбы народов, Россия, Москва, hamza.elmansy94@gmail.com

Котельников Александр Евгеньевич (гр. РФ), кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, директор департамента недропользования и нефтегазового дела, Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН), Москва, kotelnikov-ae@rudn.ru ORCID 0000-0003-0622-8391

 

Nanke Npapa Fernandu, Master of the 2nd year in Geology, Engineering Academy of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Russia, Moscow, nansanansa503gmail

Mahmud Khamza Adel, 2nd year master of geology, Engineering Academy of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Russia, Moscow, hamza.elmansy94@gmail.com

Kotelnikov Alexander Evgenievich (Russian Federation), Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Director of the Department of Subsoil Use and Oil and Gas Affairs, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), Moscow, kotelnikov-ae@rudn.ru ORCID 0000-0003-0622-8391

 

Аннотация. На начальных этапах добыча нефти в Нигерии осуществлялась главным образом сравнительно небольшими предприятиями. Преимущественно создание состава работников в них осуществлялся по семейному признаку. Это существенно осложняло привлечение инвестиций и, следовательно, современных технологий в разработку залежей углеводородов.

Данная проблема развития отрасли определила необходимость укрупнения нефтегазодобывающих компаний. Наряду с возможностью работы с ведущими сервисными фирмами, данное направление в изменениях отрасли положительно сказывается в системе управления соответствующих процессов. Появление нефтяной промышленности можно проследить до 1908 года, когда немецкая компания, Нигерийская битумная корпорация, начала разведочные работы в районе Арароми на западе Нигерии. Эти новаторские усилия резко оборвались с началом Первой Мировая война в 1914 г. Работы по разведке нефти возобновились в 1937 г., когда Shell D’Arcy (предшественница Shell Petroleum Development Company в Нигерии) получила право единственного концессионера. права, охватывающие всю территорию Нигерии. Их деятельность также была прервана Второй мировой войной, но возобновилась в 1947 г. Совместные усилия после нескольких лет и инвестиции в размере более 30 млн. найр привели к первому коммерческому открытию в 1956 г. в Олоибири в дельте Нигера.

Это открытие открыло нефтяную промышленность в 1961 году, в результате чего Mobil, Agip, Safrap (теперь Elf), Tenneco и Amoseas (Texaco и Chevron соответственно) присоединились к разведочным работам как на суше, так и в районах Нигерии. Этому развитию способствовало распространение концессионных прав, ранее принадлежавших Shell, на новичков. Цель правительства при этом состояла в том, чтобы ускорить разведку и добычу нефти. Даже сейчас все больше компаний, как иностранных, так и местных, получили концессионные права и производят продукцию.

Фактическая добыча и экспорт нефти с месторождения Олоибири в современном штате Байелса начались в 1958 году с начальная производительность 5100 баррелей сырой нефти в сутки. Впоследствии количество удвоилось в следующем году, и постепенно, по мере того, как все больше игроков выходили на нефтяную сцену, добыча выросла до 2 миллионов баррелей в день в 1972 году и достигла пика в 2,4 миллиона баррелей в день в 1979 году. После этого Нигерия достигла статуса крупного производителя нефти, заняв 7-е место в мире в 1972 году, и с тех пор выросла до шестого места. Крупнейшая нефтедобывающая страна мира.

Abstract. Oil is the most popular raw material which can mankind used in all kinds of life spheres. Oil production in Nigeria was carried out mainly by relatively small companies. Most of these companies were combined of family members as it was a family work. This negatively affected the attraction of foreign investments and large companies. Also, it had a harmful effect on the industry development.

This problem of the development of the industry determined the need for consolidation of oil and gas companies. Along with the opportunity to work with leading service companies, this trend in industry changes has a positive effect on the management system of the relevant processes.

The emergence of the oil industry can be traced back to 1908, when a German company, the Nigerian Bitumen Corporation, began exploration in the Araromi region of western Nigeria. These pioneering efforts ended abruptly with the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. Oil exploration resumed in 1937 when Shell D’Arcy (the predecessor of the Shell Petroleum Development Company in Nigeria) became the sole concessionaire. rights covering the entire territory of Nigeria. Their activities were also interrupted by the Second World War but resumed in 1947.

After several years, Joint efforts and an investment of over 30 million naira led to the first commercial discovery in 1956 in Oloibiri in the Niger Delta. This discovery opened up the oil industry in 1961, causing Mobil, Agip, Safrap (now Elf), Tenneco and Amoseas (Texaco and Chevron respectively) to join exploration efforts both onshore and offshore in Nigeria. This development was facilitated by the extension of the concession rights previously held by Shell to newcomers.

The government’s goal was to speed up the exploration and production of oil. Even now, more and more companies, both foreign and local, have received concession rights and are producing products. Actual production and export of oil from the Oloibiri field in present-day Bayelsa State began in 1958 with an initial production of 5,100 barrels of crude oil per day. The number subsequently doubled the following year, and gradually, as more players entered the oil scene, production rose to 2 million barrels per day in 1972 and peaked at 2.4 million barrels per day in 1979. Following this, Nigeria achieved the status of a major oil producer, ranking 7th in the world rank in 1972, and has since risen to the 6th position. The largest oil producing country in the world.

Ключевые слова: добыча нефти в Нигерии, нефтяная индустрия, сырая нефть, проблемы нефтедобычи

Keywords: Oil history of Nigeria, Petroleum industry, Crude oil, Production problems of oil

Литература

  1. BP, Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2019. https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energyeconomics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html.
  2. International Monetary Fund, 2019 Article IV Consultation, IMF Country 19/92.2019.https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2019/04/01/Nigeria-2019-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-and-Statement-by-the-46726
  3. Josh Holland. “Petroleum Industry Governance Bill veto sets back Nigeria’s oil reform efforts,” IHS Markit, September 3, 2018.
  4. com ”Uncertainty over PIB’s fate as another decade ends,” , December 26, 2019. “Nigeria Takes Another Shot at Oil Industry Reform,” Energy Intelligence Group, February 28, 2020. https://punchng.com/uncertainty-over-pibs-fate-as-another-decade-ends/
  5. “A New Regime for Nigerian Upstream Royalty Rates,” The National Law Review, November 11, 2019. https://www.natlawreview.com/article/new-regime-nigerian-upstream-royalty-rates
  6. “Nigeria raises deepwater royalties,” Oil Review Africa, November 6, 2019. https://oilreviewafrica.com/exploration/industry/nigeria-raises-deepwater-royalties
  7. Josh Holland, “Nigeria confounds hydrocarbon investors with abrupt deepwater royalty increase,” IHS Markit, November 18,
  8. Ruxandra Iordache, “OPEC output dipped in December ahead of deeper cuts,” Argus Media, January 9, https://www.argusmedia.com/ru
  9. Brian Wingfield, et al., “OPEC Deepened Oil Cuts Ahead of New Pact,” Bloomberg Business, January 21, https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/opec-production-targets/
  10. The 9th (Extraordinary) OPEC and non-OPEC Ministerial Meeting concludes,” Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, Press Release, April 9, https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/5882.htm
  11. S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics database, accessed 1/21/2020. “Total Starts Egina Output in Nigeria,” Energy Intelligence Group, January 3, 2019. https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world
  12. S. Energy Information Administration “Crude oils have different quality characteristics,”, Today in Energy, July 16, 2012. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=7110
  13. “Gbetiokun oil field on stream off Nigeria,” Oil & Gas Journal, August 2, 2019. https://www.ogj.com/drilling-production/production-operations/field-start-ups/article/14037564/gbetiokun-oil-field-on-stream-off-nigeria
  14. NNPC Signs $3.15bn Deal Financing for OML 13,” Saharareporters.com, July 24, 2019. https://saharareporters.com/2019/07/24/nnpc-signs-315bn-deal-financing-oml-13
  15. Oando Energy Resources Qua Ibo (OML 13) https://www.oandoenergyresources.com/projects/oml-13 accessed 2/26/2020

 References

  1. BP, Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2019. https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energyeconomics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html.
  2. International Monetary Fund, 2019 Article IV Consultation, IMF Country Reportno.19/92.2019.https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2019/04/01/Nigeria-2019-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-and-Statement-by-the-46726
  3. Josh Holland. “Petroleum Industry Governance Bill veto sets back Nigeria’s oil reform efforts,” IHS Markit, September 3, 2018.
  4. com ”Uncertainty over PIB’s fate as another decade ends,” , December 26, 2019. “Nigeria Takes Another Shot at Oil Industry Reform,” Energy Intelligence Group, February 28, 2020. https://punchng.com/uncertainty-over-pibs-fate-as-another-decade-ends/
  5. “A New Regime for Nigerian Upstream Royalty Rates,” The National Law Review, November 11, 2019. https://www.natlawreview.com/article/new-regime-nigerian-upstream-royalty-rates
  6. “Nigeria raises deepwater royalties,” Oil Review Africa, November 6, 2019. https://oilreviewafrica.com/exploration/industry/nigeria-raises-deepwater-royalties
  7. Josh Holland, “Nigeria confounds hydrocarbon investors with abrupt deepwater royalty increase,” IHS Markit, November 18, 2019.
  8. Ruxandra Iordache, “OPEC output dipped in December ahead of deeper cuts,” Argus Media, January 9, 2020. https://www.argusmedia.com/ru
  9. Brian Wingfield, et al., “OPEC Deepened Oil Cuts Ahead of New Pact,” Bloomberg Business, January 21, 2020. https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/opec-production-targets/
  10. “The 9th (Extraordinary) OPEC and non-OPEC Ministerial Meeting concludes,” Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, Press Release, April 9, 2020. https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/5882.htm
  11. S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics database, accessed 1/21/2020. “Total Starts Egina Output in Nigeria,” Energy Intelligence Group, January 3, 2019. https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world
  12. S. Energy Information Administration “Crude oils have different quality characteristics,”, Today in Energy, July 16, 2012. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=7110
  13. “Gbetiokun oil field on stream off Nigeria,” Oil & Gas Journal, August 2, 2019. https://www.ogj.com/drilling-production/production-operations/field-start-ups/article/14037564/gbetiokun-oil-field-on-stream-off-nigeria
  14. “NNPC Signs $3.15bn Deal Financing for OML 13,” Saharareporters.com, July 24, 2019. https://saharareporters.com/2019/07/24/nnpc-signs-315bn-deal-financing-oml-13
  15. Oando Energy Resources Qua Ibo (OML 13) https://www.oandoenergyresources.com/projects/oml-13 accessed 2/26/2020

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