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ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ КЛАСТЕРЫ В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ КОРПОРАЦИЯХ И БАНКАХ С МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ КАПИТАЛОМ

INNOVATION CLUSTERS IN STATE CORPORATIONS AND BANKS WITH INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL

Маринин Глеб Сергеевич, магистр, студент, Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ (125993 Россия, г. Москва, ул. Ленинградский проспект, д. 49), тел. +7(968)334-92-16, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000, glebac.marinin@yandex.ru

Gleb S. Marinin, Master’s degree, student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (49  Leningradsky Prospekt  st.,  Moscow,  125993  Russia), tel. +7(968)334-92-16, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000, glebac.marinin@yandex.ru

Аннотация. Исходя из природы инноваций, как успешно примененных новых знаний, идей и изобретений в виде новых продуктов, услуг или процессов, которые выведены на рынок и используются конечными потребителями, главными игроками в инновационном процессе предприятия. Ученые и изобретатели могут получить новое знание, сгенерировать новую идею, совершить новое открытие, но прикладной результат от их внедрения получаемое на производстве. Способность предприятий заниматься инновационной деятельностью зависит не только (и далеко не всегда) от наличия новых идей и разработок, она в значительной мере обусловлена сложившимися в стране экономическими, политическими и социальными институтами, которые влияют на поведение предприятий, побуждают или демотивируют их к инновационной деятельности, включая финансовую систему, рынок труда, образование, налоговую, регуляторную политику, инфраструктурное обеспечение. Такая среда определяется как инновационная система страны или инновационная «экосистема». Для ее описания Б.-О. Лундвалл – один из авторов концепции национальной инновационной системы (НИС) – использует два определения. В узком смысле, инновационная экосистема включает «компании и систему их взаимодействий, а также взаимодействие данных компаний с университетами и исследовательскими институтами». В широком смысле слова, инновационная экосистема охватывает систему образования, источники и каналы финансирования, а также подразумевает меры государственного вмешательства, которые включают в себя нормы правового регулирования и социальные гарантии» Б.-А. Лундвалл, вместе с другими основателями концепции НОС – К. Фрименом и Г. Нельсоном, – сходятся во мнении, что в большинстве случаев инновации являются результатом совместных усилий компаний с поставщиками, потребителями, исследовательскими институтами, университетами и качество взаимосвязей между ними непосредственно влияет на инновационный процесс

Abstract. Based on the nature of innovation, as successfully applied new knowledge, ideas and inventions in the form of new products, services or processes that are brought to market and used by end users, the main players in the innovation process of the enterprise. Scientists and inventors can get new knowledge, generate a new idea, make a new discovery, but the applied result from their implementation is obtained in production.

The ability of enterprises to engage in innovative activities depends not only (and not always) on the availability of new ideas and developments, it is largely due to the economic, political and social institutions that have developed in the country, which influence the behavior of enterprises, encourage or demotivate them to innovate, including the financial system, labor market, education, tax, regulatory policy, infrastructure provision. Such an environment is defined as a country’s innovation system or innovation «ecosystem». For her description, B.-O. Lundvall, one of the authors of the concept of the national innovation system (NIS), uses two definitions. In a narrow sense, the innovation ecosystem includes «companies and the system of their interactions, as well as the interaction of these companies with universities and research institutes.» In the broadest sense of the word, the innovation ecosystem encompasses the education system, sources and channels of financing, and also implies state intervention measures, which include legal regulations and social guarantees.» B.-A. Lundvall, along with the other founders of the NOS concept — K. Freeman and G. Nelson — agree that in most cases innovations are the result of joint efforts of companies with suppliers, consumers, research institutes, universities and the quality of the relationships between them directly affects the innovation process.

Ключевые слова: инновационный процесс, поставщики, результат, усилия, экосистема, потребители

Keywords: innovation process, suppliers, result, efforts, ecosystem, consumers

Литература

  1. 4th International Econometric Conference of Vietnam, ECONVN 2021. (2022). Studies in Computational Intelligence, 983.
  2. Affara, M., Lagu, H. I., Achol, E., Karamagi, R., Omari, N., Ochido, G., … Gehre, F. (2021). The East African Community (EAC) mobile laboratory networks in Kenya, Burundi, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, and South Sudan—from project implementation to outbreak response against Dengue, Ebola, COVID-19, and epidemic-prone diseases. BMC Medicine, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02028-y
  3. Cardozo, P., Morales-Acevedo, P., Murcia, A., & Rosado, A. (2022). Does the geographical complexity of the Colombian financial conglomerates increase banks’ risk? The role of diversification, regulatory arbitrage, and funding costs. Journal of Banking and Finance, 134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2021.106076
  4. Goldbach, S., Møen, J., Schindler, D., Schjelderup, G., & Wamser, G. (2021). The tax-efficient use of debt in multinational corporations. Journal of Corporate Finance, 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.102119
  5. Johnson, C. P. (2021). International shadow banking and prudential capital controls. Journal of International Money and Finance, 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2021.102470
  6. Khan, S. U. (2022). Financing constraints and firm-level responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: International evidence. Research in International Business and Finance, 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101545
  7. Khlifa, S. H., & Zaki, A. (2021). Enhanced prudential standards under basel III: What consequences for the profitability of banks. Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, 14(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.22094/JOIE.2020.677810
  8. Mello, G. M. C., Nakatani, P., & Wong, E. (2022). Dollar Hegemony Under Challenge and the Rise of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC): A New Form of World Money? Marx, Engels, and Marxisms, 143–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82298-9_6
  9. Nayak, R. (2021). Banking regulations: do they matter for performance? Journal of Banking Regulation, 22(4), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-021-00145-5
  10. Neisen, M., & Schulte-Mattler, H. (2021). The effectiveness of IFRS 9 transitional provisions in limiting the potential impact of COVID-19 on banks. Journal of Banking Regulation, 22(4), 342–351. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-021-00151-7
  11. Noy, S. (2021). For the children? A mixed methods analysis of World Bank structural adjustment loans, health projects, and infant mortality in Latin America. Globalization and Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00649-1
  12. Ozhan, G. K. (2021). News-driven international credit cycles. Journal of Macroeconomics, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2021.103372
  13. Roncoroni, A., Battiston, S., D’Errico, M., Hałaj, G., & Kok, C. (2021). Interconnected banks and systemically important exposures. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2021.104266
  14. Shatkin, G. (2022). Financial sector actors, the state, and the rescaling of Jakarta’s extended urban region. Land Use Policy, 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104159
  15. Tobin, D. (2022). Offshoring the Uncovered Liability Problem: Currency Hierarchies, State-Owned Settlement Banks and the Offshore Market for Renminbi. New Political Economy, 27(1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2021.1926953

References

  1. 4th International Econometric Conference of Vietnam, ECONVN 2021. (2022). Studies in Computational Intelligence, 983.
  2. Affara, M., Lagu, H. I., Achol, E., Karamagi, R., Omari, N., Ochido, G., … Gehre, F. (2021). The East African Community (EAC) mobile laboratory networks in Kenya, Burundi, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, and South Sudan—from project implementation to outbreak response against Dengue, Ebola, COVID-19, and epidemic-prone diseases. BMC Medicine, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02028-y
  3. Cardozo, P., Morales-Acevedo, P., Murcia, A., & Rosado, A. (2022). Does the geographical complexity of the Colombian financial conglomerates increase banks’ risk? The role of diversification, regulatory arbitrage, and funding costs. Journal of Banking and Finance, 134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2021.106076
  4. Goldbach, S., Møen, J., Schindler, D., Schjelderup, G., & Wamser, G. (2021). The tax-efficient use of debt in multinational corporations. Journal of Corporate Finance, 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.102119
  5. Johnson, C. P. (2021). International shadow banking and prudential capital controls. Journal of International Money and Finance, 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2021.102470
  6. Khan, S. U. (2022). Financing constraints and firm-level responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: International evidence. Research in International Business and Finance, 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101545
  7. Khlifa, S. H., & Zaki, A. (2021). Enhanced prudential standards under basel III: What consequences for the profitability of banks. Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, 14(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.22094/JOIE.2020.677810
  8. Mello, G. M. C., Nakatani, P., & Wong, E. (2022). Dollar Hegemony Under Challenge and the Rise of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC): A New Form of World Money? Marx, Engels, and Marxisms, 143–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82298-9_6
  9. Nayak, R. (2021). Banking regulations: do they matter for performance? Journal of Banking Regulation, 22(4), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-021-00145-5
  10. Neisen, M., & Schulte-Mattler, H. (2021). The effectiveness of IFRS 9 transitional provisions in limiting the potential impact of COVID-19 on banks. Journal of Banking Regulation, 22(4), 342–351. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-021-00151-7
  11. Noy, S. (2021). For the children? A mixed methods analysis of World Bank structural adjustment loans, health projects, and infant mortality in Latin America. Globalization and Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00649-1
  12. Ozhan, G. K. (2021). News-driven international credit cycles. Journal of Macroeconomics, 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2021.103372
  13. Roncoroni, A., Battiston, S., D’Errico, M., Hałaj, G., & Kok, C. (2021). Interconnected banks and systemically important exposures. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2021.104266
  14. Shatkin, G. (2022). Financial sector actors, the state, and the rescaling of Jakarta’s extended urban region. Land Use Policy, 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104159
  15. Tobin, D. (2022). Offshoring the Uncovered Liability Problem: Currency Hierarchies, State-Owned Settlement Banks and the Offshore Market for Renminbi. New Political Economy, 27(1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2021.1926953

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