Интеграл 4/2022

Posted by adminwp
Посмотреть текст статьиСкачать

СИСТЕМЫ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ СТРАН ЗАПАДНОЙ АФРИКИ: ПРОВЕРКА НА ПРОЧНОСТЬ ПАНДЕМИЕЙ COVID-19

WEST AFRICA’S HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS TESTED BY COVID-19

Гаврилова Нина Германовна, младший научный сотрудник Центра изучения проблем переходной экономики ФГБУН «Институт Африки Российской академии наук» (123001 Россия, г. Москва, ул. Спиридоновка, д. 30/1), ORCID: htpp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-7804, ninagavrilova1976@ gmail.com

 

Nina G. Gavrilova, Junior Research Fellow Centre for Transition Economy Studies, Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, (30/1 Spiridonovka st., Moscow, 123001 Russia) ORCID: htpp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-7804, ninagavrilova1976@gmail.com

 

Аннотация. В Африке, в том числе и в странах западном ее регионе, не одно десятилетие складывалась напряженная обстановка в системах здравоохранения. Это характеризовалось недостаточной распространенностью и недостаточной доступностью для населения основных медицинских услуг и препаратов. Итогами неудовлетворительного состояния систем здравоохранения стала небольшая продолжительность жизни, высокий уровень смертности населения, в т.ч. от болезней, уже побежденных в развитом мире, высокий уровень распространения болезней, которые могут быть предотвращены посредством вакцинации и др. За последние десятилетия, в результате следования инициативам искоренения мировых проблем, ЦРТ[1] и ЦУР[2], ситуация в западноафриканском здравоохранении значительно улучшилась, но все еще была далека от совершенства. По оценкам специалистов, наступившая в 2020 г. пандемия COVID-19 должна была спровоцировать полный крах в медицинском секторе региона, вызвав многочисленные жертвы среди населения. Африканский регион ВОЗ, как и другие регионы, столкнулся с определенными трудностями в борьбе с коронавирусной инфекцией. Но, несмотря на мрачные предсказания, сейчас уже можно утверждать, что системы здравоохранения Западной Африки оказались устойчивыми перед лицом пандемии, негативные прогнозы не оправдались. Однако пандемия вскрыла насущные проблемы систем здравоохранения, которые необходимо решить для дальнейшего эффективного и действенного реагирования на будущие чрезвычайные ситуации. Правительствам следует уделять приоритетное внимание мерам по укреплению медицинского обслуживания населения, разработав четкие политики и стратегии финансирования здравоохранения.

Abstract For decades there has been a tense situation in healthcare systems in Africa, including in the countries of West Africa. A key characteristic was insufficient accessibility of basic medical services and drugs for the population. The unsatisfactory state of healthcare has resulted in a short life expectancy, high mortality rate, including from diseases already eradicated throughout the developed world, and the high prevalence of diseases that can be prevented through vaccination. Over the past decades, as a result of following initiatives aimed at eradicating global problems – the MDGs and the SDGs, the situation in West Africa’s healthcare has improved significantly, but it still has remained far from perfect. According to experts, the COVID-19 pandemic that began in the region in 2020 should have provoked a complete collapse in the medical sector of the region, causing great casualties among the population. The WHO African Region, like other regions, has faced certain challenges in the fight against coronavirus infection. However, despite the gloomy predictions, it can now be argued that West African healthcare systems have proven resilient in the face of the pandemic and that the negative predictions have not materialized. Yet the pandemic has exposed pressing healthcare challenges that need to be addressed in order to continue to respond efficiently to future emergencies. Governments should prioritize efforts to strengthen public health services by developing concrete health financing policies and strategies.

Ключевые слова: Западная Африка, системы здравоохранения, медицина, пандемия COVID-19, коронавирусная инфекция, чрезвычайная ситуация

Keywords: West Africa, healthcare systems, medicine, COVID-19 pandemic, coronavirus infection, emergency

Литература

  1. Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) https://africacdc.org/covid-19/
  2. Report on the Strategic Response to COVID-19 in the WHO African Region https://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/2021-03/Report%20on%20the%20Strategic%20Response%20to%20COVID-19%20in%20the%20WHO%20African%20Region%20-%20February%20to%20December%202020.pdf
  3. Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) https://africacdc.org/covid-19/
  4. Diop B.Z., Ngom M., Pougué Biyong C., Pougué Biyong J.N. The relatively young and rural population may limit the spread and severity of COVID-19 in Africa: a modelling study // BMJ Glob Health. 2020 May;5(5). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002699
  5. Lee PI, Hu YL, Chen PY, Huang YC, Hsueh PR. Are children less susceptible to COVID-19? J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Jun;53(3):371-372. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.011.
  6. Ssentongo P., Fronterre C., Geronimo A. and all. Tracking and predicting the African COVID-19 pandemic // medRxiv [Preprint]. 2020. Nov 16. doi: 10.1101/2020.11.13.20231241
  7. Human Development Report. Data Downloads. HDR 2020 Tables and Dashboards. 2020 Human Development Data: All Tables and Dashboards. Table 8. Health outcomes
  8. Suite of Food Security Indicators https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
  9. West Africa: Diabetes on the rise. 12.12.2006. https://reliefweb.int/report/senegal/west-africa-diabetes-rise
  10. COVID-19 (WHO African region). – (URL: https://who.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/0c9b3a8b68d0437a8cf28581e9c063a9).
  11. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard https://covid19.who.int
  12. WHO Regional Office for Africa 2021. Report on the Strategic Response to COVID-19 in the WHO African Region – 1 February 2021 to 31 January 2022 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/354543/023-WHO-AFRO-SPRP-COVID-19-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  13. Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). COVID-19 Dashboard. https://www.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6
  14. Officially Reported COVID-19 Vaccination Data. COVID-19 Dashboard https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWNjNzZkNjctZTNiNy00YmMzLTkxZjQtNmJiZDM2MTYxNzEwIiwidCI6ImY2MTBjMGI3LWJkMjQtNGIzOS04MTBiLTNkYzI4MGFmYjU5MCIsImMiOjh9
  15. Africa CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Dashboard https://africacdc.org/covid-19-vaccination

References

  1. Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) https://africacdc.org/covid-19/
  2. Report on the Strategic Response to COVID-19 in the WHO African Region https://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/2021-03/Report%20on%20the%20Strategic%20Response%20to%20COVID-19%20in%20the%20WHO%20African%20Region%20-%20February%20to%20December%202020.pdf
  3. Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) https://africacdc.org/covid-19/
  4. Diop B.Z., Ngom M., Pougué Biyong C., Pougué Biyong J.N. The relatively young and rural population may limit the spread and severity of COVID-19 in Africa: a modelling study // BMJ Glob Health. 2020 May;5(5). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002699
  5. Lee PI, Hu YL, Chen PY, Huang YC, Hsueh PR. Are children less susceptible to COVID-19? J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Jun;53(3):371-372. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.011.
  6. Ssentongo P., Fronterre C., Geronimo A. and all. Tracking and predicting the African COVID-19 pandemic // medRxiv [Preprint]. 2020. Nov 16. doi: 10.1101/2020.11.13.20231241
  7. Human Development Report. Data Downloads. HDR 2020 Tables and Dashboards. 2020 Human Development Data: All Tables and Dashboards. Table 8. Health outcomes
  8. Suite of Food Security Indicators https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS
  9. West Africa: Diabetes on the rise. 12.12.2006. https://reliefweb.int/report/senegal/west-africa-diabetes-rise
  10. COVID-19 (WHO African region). – (URL: https://who.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/0c9b3a8b68d0437a8cf28581e9c063a9).
  11. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard https://covid19.who.int
  12. WHO Regional Office for Africa 2021. Report on the Strategic Response to COVID-19 in the WHO African Region – 1 February 2021 to 31 January 2022 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/354543/023-WHO-AFRO-SPRP-COVID-19-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  13. Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). COVID-19 Dashboard. https://www.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6
  14. Officially Reported COVID-19 Vaccination Data. COVID-19 Dashboard https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMWNjNzZkNjctZTNiNy00YmMzLTkxZjQtNmJiZDM2MTYxNzEwIiwidCI6ImY2MTBjMGI3LWJkMjQtNGIzOS04MTBiLTNkYzI4MGFmYjU5MCIsImMiOjh9
  15. Africa CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Dashboard https://africacdc.org/covid-19-vaccination

 

Добавить комментарий

Ваш адрес email не будет опубликован. Обязательные поля помечены *