MOSCOW ECONOMIC JOURNAL MOSCOW ECONOMIC JOURNAL Московский экономический журнал 2413-046X 90559 10.55186/2413046X_2024_9_10_414 kfgdnc Региональная и отраслевая экономика Regional and branch economy Региональная и отраслевая экономика TRENDS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY Современные тенденции применения искусственного интеллекта в области биотехнологии США Жиганова Лариса Петровна Zhiganova Larisa Petrovna

кандидат биологических наук;

candidate of sciences in biology;

 Институт США и Канады Российской академии наук Москва Россия Institute of USA and Canada Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation 15 11 2024 15 11 2024 9 10 312 338 10 11 2024 https://e-integral.ru/en/nauka/article/90559/view

Применение искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в сфере биотехнологий США подразумевает цифровизацию процессов в сельском хозяйстве: растениеводстве и животноводстве. На основе полученного массива данных технологии машинного обучения позволяют исследовать ключевые биологические процессы, контролировать и управлять ими. Системы ИИ интегрируют с другими цифровыми технологиями, такими как датчики процессов и состояний, киберфизические системы, беспилотные летательные аппараты, которые в совокупности с алгоритмами компьютерного зрения и глубокого обучения помогают контролировать состояние сельскохозяйственных культур и почвы, отслеживать и прогнозировать изменения окружающей среды, влияющие на урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур. «Умное» сельское хозяйство позволяет оценить экологическую устойчивость через круговорот питательных веществ и экономическую стабильность благодаря управлению пахотными и пастбищными угодьями при помощи сенсорных систем, фиксирующих данные о почве, растениях и погоде. Цифровая трансформация и применение искусственного интеллекта является перспективным инновационным направлением, которое обладает огромным потенциалом для повышения эффективности, точности и скорости исследований и разработок, а также создает новые условия для появления революционно новых продуктов и услуг.

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in biotechnology implies the digitalization of processes in agriculture and livestock farming. Based on big data analysis, machine learning technologies make it possible to study, monitor and control key biological processes. AI systems integrate with other digital technologies, such as process and state sensors, cyber-physical systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, which, together with computer vision and deep learning algorithms, help to monitor the condition of agricultural crops and soil, check and predict environmental changes that affect crop yields. Smart agriculture makes it possible to assess environmental and economic sustainability through nutrient cycling, as well as to manage arable and pasture lands using sensor systems that record data on soil, plants and weather. Digital transformation and the application of artificial intelligence is a promising innovative direction that has enormous potential to increase the efficiency, accuracy and speed of research and development, and also creates new conditions for the emergence of revolutionary products and services.

 искусственный интеллект продовольственная безопасность биоразнообразие биотехнология сельскохозяйственных культур artificial intelligence food security biodiversity biotechnology of agricultural crops

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