The article presents the results of research on improving the efficiency of using forest fund lands on the basis of long-term lease, taking into account land rent. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. The analysis of the efficiency of using forest fund lands has revealed, along with traditional indicators, modern organizational mechanisms and economic approaches that reflect the great importance of land rent and ensure a more equitable and efficient use of the country's vast forest resources for the benefit of the state, society, and the entire Russian people. 2. The main trends identified during the study indicate the need to integrate land rent relations into the existing management system of Russia's forest fund, which would enhance transparency, environmental sustainability, and social justice in the use of forest resources, as well as attract significant additional investments in the development of forestry. 3. Contractual and land-assessment activities in the field of forest relations should be based on a scientifically sound methodological framework for assessing the effectiveness of the use of forest resources and should be based on the principles of systematic consideration of the natural characteristics of land that affect the amount of land rent and ensure unified, comprehensive long-term lease relations for forest plots.